Medical Billing free essay sample

Week Seven Checkpoint By Melanie Goodwin-Deloach Briefly explain causes and solutions for three of the most common billing and coding errors. What effect does the Medicare National Correct Coding Initiative have on the billing and coding process? Explain your answers. Some of the most common errors in billing and coding can actually be very easily fixed. They generally come down to not using proper modifiers and this can often result in a service not being covered. If the modifier states a service for a male rather than a female than the payment will be not be paid. This can be fixed by making sure one understands and uses proper modifiers. One error has to do with upcoding which results in a higher reimbursement. This can be done either purposely or not. If done on purpose, this is fraud. If not then it is a case of not following proper procedures with determining the right code and modifiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Billing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can be fixed by double checking the coding and billing paperwork before submitting for payment. Billing without proper signatures on file, is one problem that can be fixed when registering during check in process. This is a simple fix b ut is necessary in order to receive remimbursement. Some easy ways to fix billing errors is to make sure there is the right staff which has been properly educated and not handling too much claims is responsible for billing. This can be done with the right amount of staff and a system of double checking. This creates a work environment which is productive for both employee and a well run business.

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System 1990 Turing Award According to the Association for Computing Machinery, (ACM) the A.M. Turing Award is the most prestigious technical award with a prize of $250,000. The Turing Award is given to a member or members of the computing community that has contributed a major technical importance to the computer field. ("ACM's Turing Award.") The Turing Award has been named the ?highest distinction in Computer science? and the ?Nobel Prize of computing?. This award contributes to the ACM?s mission ?to advance computing as a science and a profession?. (Geringer) The Turing Award is named after Alan Mathison Turing, a British mathematician, who is ?credited for being the Father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence?. (Homer) The first award was given out in 1966 and the Association for Computing Machinery has been giving them out every year since. In 1990, Fernando Jos? "Corby" Corbat? received the Turing Award for his work in ?organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems?. Corbat? was born on July 1, 1926 in Oakland, California. He received his bachelor?s degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1950, and then went on to receive his Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. After getting his Ph.D., he joined MIT?s Computation Center and soon was appointed Associate Professor in 1962. In 1965, he got promoted to a Professor and then during 1974 to 1993 he was Associate Department Head for Computer Science and Engineering. (Conte) Corbats work with time-sharing computer systems started in November 1961, at the MIT Computation Center, when ?an early version of the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was first demonstrated?. (Csail) Timesharing, driven by the need to increase interactivity between user and computer and ease-of-use of the computer, allows a large number of users to interact with the computer simultaneously. It involves connecting various numbers of consoles to a single, central computer. Each console is allotted a time-slice of the central computer?s time, as the central computer delegates its time by switching between the user?s applications and problems and ?it appears to the user that s/he has complete access to the central computer.? (1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks)The Compatible Time-Sharing System in the IBM 7094 digital computer timesharing operating system was used as the programming and debugging tool. (Vleck) In 1964, Corbats new knowledge of multiple access systems blossomed into the creation of a new system called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service). This new system also supported an online reconfiguration, which allowed central processing units, memory banks, and disk drives can be added or removed while the system was still operating. Multics was one of the earliest multiprocessor systems because it supported multiple CPUs. In addition, it was the first major operating system to have a secure system from the outset, which lead to more secure systems and prefigured modern security engineering techniques. Multics was the first operating system to provide a hierarchical file system, which means that files could have multiple names and links between directories were supported. In 1973, Multics became the ?basis of a commercial system? that Honeywell Information Systems, Incorporated offered. (Conte) The computer advances that Corbat? has contributed to the world have been very impactful. CTSS was very influential because it showed that time-sharing was viable because it provided means of multi-tasking and multiprogramming, which is still significant and crucial for today?s computers. This provided new applications and programs to be created and used because computers were no longer single-use machines. A semi-recent creation that has brought back the concept of time-sharing is the Internet, where corporate server farms can host millions of customers that all share common resources. (Csail) CTSS also had one of the first inter-user message implementations. This pre-aged electronic mail and e-mail is one of the most common ways of communication in these present times. (Homer) In addition, Multics was the first powerful multi-processor computing machine, which set the groundwork for all of the multi-processing machines that are so popular today. Multics directly inspired AT&T to de velop Unix, another multitasking and multi-user computer operating system. Unix?s direct descendants are still used today in operating systems like Linux and these descendants were

Professional Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Professional Application - Essay Example Steve Madden is well known for selling its fashionable footwear products which provide cutting edge solution to the customers in the footwear industry. The business of Steve Madden is well known for the novelty in the footwear products and the competitive prices of the footwear in the market. The market capitalization of Steve Madden is under continuous threats due to the strategic movement of its competitors like the BCBG, Nike, etc. BCBG has been able to reduce the points of differentiation in the product lines of Steven Madden. Nike has been able to tap the unexplored market for athletics and sportswear. The changing landscape in the marketing of footwear products of Steve Madden could be analyzed with the help of research on the market demographics, social, economic as well as technological advancements (Kazmi and  Batra, 2009). Due to the changes in the internal and external environments of the footwear business of Steve Madden, the company would need to strategically adopt po licies for a smooth adaptation to such changes. In order to respond to the changing scenario, Steve Madden is required to identify the different target customer segments in the footwear market and then carry out separate approaches for sales and promotion of the footwear products depending on the demand and preferences of the target customer segment. ... The various marketing and sales promotional approaches adopted by Steve Madden for the different customer segments have been described as given below. Children or teenagers The various approaches for sale promotion in order to tap the target market opportunities include better packaging of the footwear products that generally attract the teenage customers. Better packaging creates the first impression among the teenagers before use. In addition to this, any free item offered with the footwear would also be a good sales promotion approach for targeting the teenage customers. In order to promote the footwear products among the teenage customers, Steve Madden could also look to spread the information on the good effects on tender legs due to the usage of their products. Apart from this, the company could also conduct exhibitions of their footwear products with amusements for children in those exhibitions to attract the target customer. The increased time spent by the children and the te enagers along with the parents in such exhibitions would help the company to promote their footwear products in the market. Young men and women The various sales promotion techniques for targeting the young women and men in the market would be adoption of different ways to highlight the cutting edge fashions incorporated in the design of the footwear. The young men and women would be attracted to the new designs and fashions of the footwear promoted by Steve Madden, and this would help the company to survive in the competitive market. Another approach of sales promotion would be to offer competitive prices in the footwear market. The young men and women who are updated with the latest trends and information would be attracted

Newspaper report on the conditions in the factories and mining areas Essay - 1

Newspaper report on the conditions in the factories and mining areas of Industrial England - Essay Example The poor building design of the industrial cities, coupled with the existence of carbon emissions from the fireworks in the industries have combined to deny the residents of the industrial cities an access to clean air, and thus the result is the inhalation of air that is short in oxygen but highly enriched in carbon and other air pollutants from the surrounding industries, whose consequence on the residents has been† mental and physical lassitude and low vitality† (Engels, 1). Thus, the conditions of the factories and mining areas are characterized by people who have acute health problems, which are a function of chronic poverty, coupled with inflammatory infections (Engels, 2). Further, it is through bad ventilation and overcrowding that characterizes these areas, that the level of deaths and illnesses have continuously increased, while the productivity of the workforce in the industries and the factories continue to decline, considering that they can no longer perform at their best, due to health complications (Chadwick, 2). The congestion of the people in the working rooms within the industries and factories is inconceivable, considering that a room that is a maximum of 18 yards long and 8 yards wide can be used by approximately 80 people, and most importantly heavily working, breathing and sweating people (Chadwick, 2). In better terms, the conditions in the factories and mining areas of Industrial England can simply be termed as horrific, when the reality sinks in the mind, in consideration of the fact that men are working knee to knee during the summer, with the room lit with sky lights, but candles introduced when the hours have proceeded and darkness is setting in. when the people start sweating, and the air within the room becomes completely short of oxygen, while the breathing adds more carbon and yet the candles that have been lit increases the heat and the carbon levels in the air, the conditions become intolerable for the workers, and people â€Å"faint away in the shop from the excessive heat and closeness†, despite the smell being intolerable (Chadwick, 2). The conditions in the industries and the factories are neither better during the winter season, since the scathing cold gives the workers more reasons to stay even closer, while blocking all the ventilation and closing the windows, to stay away from cold. The consequence of this is that; the atmosphere becomes even more polluted, while the smell increases two folds, causing even more people to suffer more adverse health effects in the winter than in the summer, since at least during the summer windows and the little ventilations allow in air, even though it is not any fresh (Chadwick, 4). While affecting the health of the workers adversely, the horrific atmosphere and the lack of clean air for breathing takes a toll on the workers, through reducing their energies, and consequently their level of performance (Engels, 1). While the conditions in the wor kplaces could be considered horrific, the places of residence of the working classes are not any better. It could be significantly disturbing to have heaps of decaying wastes just outside the compound of the people living in the villages, because for them, the garbage heap is a source of nuisance, especially when the wind blows the garbage components and the smell in the direction of the house (Engels, 2). However, the condition is even worse for those living in the industrial cities, where the heap of garbage is either close to the door or right across the street, but the worst thing is that there is not even the wind to blow in fresh air, meaning that the stench characterizes the air around the houses (Engels, 2). The devastating working and living conditions of

Human cloning is not playing god Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human cloning is not playing god - Essay Example However, this depicts that only God has the power to create and sustain life as opposed the concept of cloning. On the other hand, cloning does not play god as it carries out the role of man as given in the biblical accounts of creation. This is concerning going forth and filling the world, where man attempts to sustain life by extending it. This is done by using cloning for is benefits in overcoming certain health conditions that may lead in fatalities. The entire process involves the manipulation of DNA, as opposed to the biblical accounts, where man is created from dust thus, cloning has no hand in an attempt to take over Gods role (â€Å"Human Cloning†). Therefore, human cloning does not play the role of god in any way following the distinct differences in the creation process. This is as seen in both cases of cloning and creation, where one is the source of life, while the second is only but a means of extending life. â€Å"Human Cloning†. American Medical Association. n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2012. Candel, Joseph. â€Å"Playing God?: Facts and Thoughts on Human Cloning†. Activated Ministries. 2003. Web. 9 Oct. 2012.

Effect Of Different Concentrations Of Vitamin C

Effect Of Different Concentrations Of Vitamin C This project was designed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of vitamin C solution on seed germination of Brassica parachinensis or Choy Sum. Seeds treated with vitamin C solutions of various concentrations were used and germination percentage was calculated. Seeds were soaked in vitamin C solutions of increasing concentrations for 12 hours, dried and then sown in germinating trays. The seeds were watered with the same amount of vitamin C solution of respective concentrations. After 36 hours, the number of germinated seeds was counted and the germination percentage was calculated and recorded. Results showed that the germination percentage increases as low concentration of vitamin C solution was used. It was shown that 1% of vitamin C solution gave the highest germination percentage. A statistical analysis using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant negative linear relationship between concentration of vitamin C and germi nation percentage since the calculated r value was greater than critical value at 5% significant level. Introduction In order to increase productivity, it is important to improve overall growth and performance of agricultural crops. Germination rate in particular is crucial because an increase in germination rate is usually followed by an improvement of overall seedling performance   thus enhancing overall plant growth and productivity.(Parera and Cantliffe, 1991).   There are many factors affecting seed germination such as temperature, humidity, presence of light and seed dormancy. Recently, there is also evidence to support a link between certain biochemical characteristics and seed vigour.(Randhir and Shetty, 2003) Fast oxidation of fatty acids and proteins can reduce viability, vigour and germination percentage in seeds.11 Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is one of the most widely taken dietary supplement.5 It is an antioxidant which is an essential nutrient for living organisms as it protects the body against oxidative stress. Vitamin C is made naturally in plants but the amount depends on the variety of plant and external factors on which the plants grow.1 Ascorbic acid is an important metabolite involved in many cellular processes, including cell division (De Gara et al., 2003). Ascorbate has been shown to play multiple roles in plant growth, such as in cell division, cell wall expansion, and other developmental processes. It can act as a coenzyme for numerous metabolic enzymes and has recently been shown to be a potent antioxidant.12 Figure 1: The oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid 6 (410 words) Vitamin C interacts with oxidants in an oxidation reaction where ascorbic acid is oxidised to dehydroascorbic acid through an ascorbyl radical intermediate.8 The oxidized forms of ascorbate are relatively unreactive, and do not cause cellular damage. They can be converted back to ascorbate by cellular enzymes.4 Application of ascorbic acid exogenously may influence various processes in plants including seed germination, ion uptake and transport, and membrane permeability.12 Structure of vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid  or Dehydroascorbic acid   L-ascorbate 4 (nominal oxidized form  of Vitamin C) 4 Previous reports show some conflicting evidence about the effect of vitamin C towards seed germination. While some researchers say that vitamin C can promote seed vigour as in pea (Pisum Sativum) seeds, 12 some state that its presence will inhibit seed germination as in soybean seed.13 Defined in the qualitative term, seed vigour is the sum of those properties of the  seed  which determine the potential level of  activity and performance of the  seed or seed  lot during germination and seedling emergence.12 Seeds of genus Brassica are used in this experiment because the seeds are small and have a short life cycle. Therefore, experiment can be done within few days and the seeds can be used in large number with less space needed. Hence, this experiment was aimed to explore the benefits of vitamin C which is an antioxidant which may help to increase plant resistance that leads to enhanced crops. (647 words) Experimental Hypothesis The lower the concentration of vitamin C solution, the higher the germination percentage of Brassica parachinensis Null Hypothesis There is no correlation between different concentrations of vitamin C solutions and the germination percentage of Brassica parachinensis (685 words) Planning Trials Trial experiment was conducted to determine the best range of concentrations of vitamin C solution to be used and the reasonable methods and procedures so that good results are obtained. Methods Involved Preparing vitamin C solution of different concentrations Since the source of vitamin C used is the vitamin C tablet, the best method chosen is the serial dilation method. During trial, concentrations tested are 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10% and 0%. The basic stock solution of 100% was prepared by dissolving 100mg of vitamin C tablet in 100ml distilled water in a 300ml beaker. Other concentrations were made by serial dilution method. To prepare 50% concentration of vitamin C solution, same amount of 100% solution and distilled water were added together. Equal amount of 100% and 50% concentrations were mixed up to make 75% concentration and so on. Sowing the seeds The seeds were primed in 6 different Petri dishes for 12 hours according to its respective concentration. Another 6 Petri dishes were labelled. Layers of cotton of the same thickness were put into Petri dishes and moisten with the same volume of vitamin C solution of different concentrations. Soaked seeds with similar size were chosen and took out of Petri dish using a pair of forceps. They are then dried using paper towels and were sown in labelled Petri dishes. (909 words) In the first trial, 25 seeds were soaked in different concentrations of vitamin C solution while another 25 seeds were not soaked before being sown. This is to determine whether it is necessary to soak seeds or not before sowing. 36 hours after sowing seeds Concentration/% Number of seeds germinated Soaked seeds 0 15 10 16 50 1 Table 1 shows the number of soaked and unsoaked seeds after 36 hours In the second trial, each group of 25 seeds were soaked in different concentrations before being sown. This is to determine the best range of concentrations of vitamin C for main experiment. 36 hours after sowing seeds Concentration/% Number of seed germinated Trial 1 Trial 2 Mean 0 15 16 16 10 18 16 17 25 5 5 5 50 1 3 2 75 2 1 2 100 1 0 1 Table 2 shows germination percentage of seeds soaked in different concentrations (1075 words) Results After 36 hours of sowing, the number of seeds germinated was counted and germination percentage was calculated. Germination is claimed to have occurred when the radicle was visibly extended from the seed, protruding through a fracture in the seed coat. The result was tabulated. Based on the results obtained after trials were carried out, there were a few things that could be done to improve result. Firstly, more seeds should be used so that the result will be more significant. For the real experiment, 50 seeds were used instead of 25 seeds. Seeds were primed for 12 hours because priming is important as seed coat contains some chemicals that inhibit germination. Seed priming is a common agronomic technique shown to cause an increase  seed vigour,  as well as synchronize and accelerate  germination, improve stress resistance, and enhance overall  plant  growth and productivity.12 However, some of the seeds start to germinate and fractures on seed coat could be observed if the seeds were primed for too long. Besides, the range of concentration to be used in real experiment was determined to be between 0% to 10% concentrations because both showed high percentage of seed germination with only slight difference in value. Seeds soaked in 100% concentration showed the lowest germination percentage. The germination of seeds was almost totally inhibited in this solution. Fractures on the seed coats were observed but radicles were not extended significantly. Besides, after carrying out trial experiment, I realized that it was better to sow seeds in germinating tray rather than in Petri dishes as Petri dish is round-shaped which made it difficult for me to count the number of seeds germinated. (1351 words) Main experiment Variables Manipulated: Concentration of vitamin C solution Different concentrations of vitamin C are prepared using the same serial dilution technique as in trials. But this time using smaller range of concentrations of 10%, 7.5%, 5%, 2.5%, 1% and 0% (distilled water). But for smaller concentration, micropipette is used instead of measuring cylinder to make up the total volume of 100ml. Responding: Germination percentage (%) Germination percentage is calculated using the following equation; Germination is said to occur when radicle emerges (>2mm) after 36 hours. Constant: mass of vitamin C (100mg/tablet), volume of solution used for soaking seeds (20ml/Petri dish) and volume of solution used to moisten cotton (60ml/tray) and environmental factors (light intensity, temperature, and humidity), period of soaking, type and number of seeds. All trays were placed under normal white fluorescent lamp and on a laboratory table at 28ËÅ ¡C. Apparatus and materials Apparatus: 300ml beakers, Petri dishes, measuring cylinders, germinating trays, stirring rod, micropipette, and pestle and mortar. Materials: Distilled water, 100mg vitamin C tablet, cotton, choy sum seeds, and paper towels. (1535 words) Safety precautions Gloves were worn when handling vitamin C tablet to prevent tablet from contamination. Micropipette was used with care. The tip of micropipette was always checked to ensure that there is no air bubbles inside it as this may reduce the actual volume required for each concentration. Glass wares like beakers and measuring cylinders were handled gently since the apparatus may break easily. This may lead to injuries. Soaked seeds were transferred gently using forceps as they are very fragile. Data collections of main study Number of seeds used in every concentration: 50 Soaking for 12 hours Observations after soaking seeds for 36 hours Concentration (%) Number of seeds germinated Mean number of seeds germinated Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 0.0 45 44 43 44 1.0 48 48 47 48 2.5 42 39 38 40 5.0 41 42 43 42 7.5 35 35 34 35 10.0 34 33 33 33 Table 2 shows the germination percentage for seeds treated with different concentrations (1712 words) Sample calculation (taken values from 0% concentration) Germination percentage: =44/50 x 100 =88% (1749 words) Statistical analysis For this experiment, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PMCC) was used to measure the strength of linear dependence between the two variables; the different concentrations and the germination percentage. The values obtained are normally distributed. The correlation coefficient, r ranges from -1 to 1. A value of 1 implies that a linear equation describes the relationship between X and Y perfectly for which Y increases as X increases. A value -1 implies correlation in which Y decreases as X increases. A value of 0 implies that there is no linear correlation between the variables. x 0.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 ÃŽ £x=26 y 88 96 80 84 70 66 ÃŽ £y=484 x2 0.0 1.00 6.25 25.0 56.25 100.0 ÃŽ £x2=188.5 y2 7744 9216 6400 7056 4900 4356 ÃŽ £y2=39672 xy 0.0 96 200 420 525 660 ÃŽ £xy=1901 Table 3 shows the calculations done in calculating the values of r Sx = x2 = 188.5 (26)2/6 = 75.833 Sy = y2 = 39672 (484)2/6 = 629.33 Sxy = xy = 1901 [(26) (484)]/6 = -196.33 (1933 words) To find correlation coefficient, r r = r = -196.33/ (75.8331/2 x 629.331/2) r = -0.899 (negative sign indicates negative correlation between variables) Degree of freedom = n -2 n = # of pairs of data = 6 2 = 4 Level of significance for two-tailed test .10 .05 .02 1 .988 .997 .9995 2 .900 .950 .980 3 .805 .878 .934 4 .729 .811 .882 5 .669 .754 .833 6 .621 .707 .789 Table 4 shows the critical values for PMCC The value of r obtained was compared with the critical value from Table 4 at 5% significance level. r = 0.899 > 0.811 (critical value) at 5% significance level An analysis using PMCC demonstrated a statistically significant negative linear relationship between concentration of vitamin C and germination percentage since calculated r value was greater than the critical value at 5% significance level. Therefore, null hypothesis can be rejected. (2093 words) Data analysis Based on the data collected in Table 2, it was shown that low concentration of vitamin C did promote germination of choy sum to a certain extent. The statistical analysis using PMCC further verified the correlation. The table also revealed that only low concentration of vitamin C was needed to hasten germination since under 10% concentration, seeds germinated at a lower rate (66%). Graph 1 illustrates clearly the general trend and relationship between the variables, the lower the concentration of vitamin C, the lower the germination rate of choy sum. The highest germination rate (96%) was recorded by seeds sown in 1% vitamin C concentration which was the lowest concentration used. However, it can be seen that the line is fluctuating downwards and there is a linear graph showing that the values obtained were due to certain errors that lead to some anomalous results. At 5% concentration of vitamin C, we can see that the germination rate is slightly higher than that of 2.5% but it is not supposed to be so. Some of errors that may occur during experiment are Mixing error when preparing solutions of different concentrations by serial dilution. The thickness of cotton layer in germinating tray may not be constant throughout the tray so vitamin C solution with thinner cotton layer may get evaporated faster thus absorption of solution is less for the seed in that tray Some of seeds may have been initially damaged so germination may not happen (2342 words) The germination percentage was compared with the result from other published academic journals. The germination percentage against day graph below shows the results from journal titled Effect of vitamin C and folic acid on seed vigour response and phenolic-linked antioxidant activity from source 12. It shows that the optimum concentration of vitamin C for pea seed to germinate is 500micromol/dm3. Using appropriate calculations, it can be calculated that 10% concentration is approximately equal to 500micromol/dm3.9 Thus, the germination percentage of pea seed in 10% concentration is highest compared to other concentrations. However, the result I obtained for highest germination percentage for Brassica parachinensis was different. This can be due to some errors and limitations occurred during experiment or the fact that they are of different types of seed which is further discussed in limitation and modification part. In this experiment, the constant or controlled variable is the use of distilled water (0% concentration). Since the results showed that the difference between germination rate between 0% and 1% concentration was very small (only about 8%), this indicated that the effect of vitamin C on seed vigour may be too little. Even though the effect is little, it cannot be denied that this little help from vitamin C can give a huge impact on agricultural sector as it is able to promote seed germination therefore improving mass production of plants rather than watering seeds with water only. (2577 words) Evaluation Seeds are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses during germination. Oxidative stress for example, caused by the production of high level of reactive oxygen intermediates such as O2, O2-, H2O2, and HO- can lead to the destruction of cells.4 Presence of low concentration of exogenous vitamin C stimulates seed vigour as it minimises oxidative stress by scavenging these reactive oxygen species. Many oxidants contain an unpaired electron so they are highly reactive. These free radicals are damaging because they can interact with other molecules resulting in a whole chain of free radical reactions. Ascorbate can terminate these chained radical reactions by serving as a stable (electron + proton) donor in interactions with free radicals.4 However, high concentration of vitamin C solution inhibits seed germination because as solution becomes more concentrated, more water from cells diffuse out causing cellular membrane leakage.3 Besides that, being a good electron donor, excess ascorbate in the presence of free metal ions can not only promote, but also initiate free radical reactions, thus making it a potentially dangerous pro-oxidative compound in certain metabolic contexts.8 We hypothesize that whether vitamin C has a net pro oxidant or antioxidant effect depends on the concentration of vitamin C solution.8 With relation to improving  seed vigour  through stimulation of  phenolic  synthesis, it has been suggested that exogenously applied  phenolic antioxidants may be able to stimulate endogenous  phenolic  content in plants  (Randhir and Shetty, 2003  and  Randhir et al., 2002). Due to its inherent  antioxidant  potential, vitamin C seems to be a suitable growth regulator in increasing  seed vigour and phenolic  elicitation. In this study, we have hypothesized that the treatment of plants with  vitamin C  as exogenous  seed treatments may result in an increase in both biochemical and traditional agronomic indicators of  seed vigour.11 (2873 words) Limitations and modifications One of the limitations in this experiment is the changing surrounding temperature. The seeds were left in laboratory room where the temperature may fluctuate over time. This may affect the germinating time of the seeds and the number of germinated seed after 36 hours. Besides temperature, humidity and light intensity were also uncontrolled. Since all seeds were exposed to the same environmental factors, the result is considered to be reliable. Besides that, some seeds may have been initially damaged before soaking or sowing. Therefore, vitamin C solution may not be the actual cause of inhibition of seed germination. The seeds are chosen only by physical measures such as similarity in size, shape and colour and seed coat is not broken. However, limitations can be overcome by using a large number of seeds and the experiment is repeated for a few times to ensure that result obtained is reliable and enough to support conclusion. This investigation tests only on the effectiveness of vitamin C solution on seed germination without exposing seeds to other biotic stress such as salinity or abiotic stress such as exposure to sunlight. Modifications could be made by introducing a biotic or abiotic stress to the seed and observe if vitamin C still stimulates seed germination or otherwise. Different types of seed may have different result with vitamin C solution. So, using seeds from one type of plant may not be able to indicate how vitamin C actually acts on seed. As vitamin C may enhance seed vigour in certain species, it could do otherwise to other species. Hence, the same experiment should be done to seeds from other species to see how they are affected by vitamin C solution. Conclusion The lower the concentration of vitamin C, the higher the germination rate of Brassica parachinensis seeds. This is due to the antioxidant properties of vitamin C which acts against the oxidative stress. The optimum vitamin C concentration for seed germination is 1%. (3200 words) Source Evaluation I have referred to various sources in conducting my research. Sources 1, 2, 3 and 4 are from Wikipedia which has been the largest and most popular general  reference work  on the  internet. Although many have doubts over its reliability as it can be edited by anyone with access to the site but it is cited and linked to many other literatures and academic researches around the globe. Source 5 is a website written by health experts on health and medicine. Source 6 is a website that provides information written by university scholars with reference to other academic researches. Source 7 is reliable as it is written by  Dr. Bryan D. McKersie of  University  of  Guelph and is posted on the internet in 1996. Source 8 is a reliable source as it is an article by The American Society for Nutritional Sciences and was published in The Journal of Nutrition website in 2004. Source 9 has been a referral site to many people around the world. The information seems reliable as it is written by experts. Source 10 is a published book thus the information is reliable. Source 11 is a journal from ScienceDirect which I have accessed from my campus library. ScienceDirect is a leading full-text scientific database offering journal articles and book chapters from more than 2,500 peer-reviewed journals and more than 11,000 books. There are currently more than 9.5 million articles/chapters, a content base that is growing at a rate of almost 0.5 million additions per year. It is operated by the publisher Elsevier. Source 12 is a journal advised by an international Editorial Board and is abstracted or indexed by various research databases like the EBSCO and Elsevier. Source 13 is an article from the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Original Writing Coursework on Prince Escalus

As I was walking through the dark, shadowed streets of Legnago, I noticed something strange about the man standing against the wall. He was dressed in an all black doublet covered in gold embroidery partially hidden by his fur lined cloak. There was something odd yet so familiar about him but I just couldn't get my hand on it. No matter how hard I tried the thought kept on eating away at me. I walked past him and recognized him as Frederick, one of the Partisans, our rival family for the past 10 years. It began with a little argument about who got the last piece of fruit from a vendor in the street. Over the years this developed into a feud with the several meetings that they had between them in the streets. Words were spoken, fists had been blazing with rage, but nothing had been done to stop this. He had a history of a hot-headed temper that no-one would have liked to set off so I carried on my journey home. I was nearly home when I heard a noise behind me. But it was only a strayed cat that had just knocked over the bin. Then I heard a different noise from behind but I ignored it that time. I had a feeling that I was being followed. Soon, I could hear footsteps which were rapidly increasing. In a matter of moments the person was on my heels. I turned around and saw that the mysterious person was Frederick. He had drawn his sword with a devilish grin on his face. I evaded his first attack and drew out my sword quick enough to parry the second. Some of his attacks tore my doublet and my shirt. Some were more serious and wounded me. I saw an opening in his attacks and struck him down to the ground. This was my opportunity to escape and I took it. Struggling to the door, with no strength left in me, I collapsed right at the doorstep. Luckily my parents were waiting for me to return and they heard the noise outside. They were shocked when they saw me and they helped me inside. First they got me fresh clothes and got me cleaned up before they said anything. â€Å"What happened to you?† said Lady Torrington. Then I explained to my parents how I saw one of the Partisans and how we fought each other until I fled. They were furious and they went on and on about how atrocious the Partisans were and how they had the nerve to attack their son. All I wanted was for the family feud to end so that our families could have peaceful and normal lives. I tried many times in the past to encourage them to stop this ridiculous feud. My parents loved me but sometimes I felt that they just ignored what I said. After a full night rest I regained my vigour, so I set out to see my friend Lucentio. Lucentio was a courteous, friendly and pleasant person, but his parents were a whole different story. They used to beat him and they didn't care for him at all. I was playing in the street when I saw him huddled up outside a shop. My first instinct was to just ignore him but my heart told me better. I walked up to him, asked him what was wrong and comforted him. We've been friends ever since. He wasn't the sort of person that would get into fights. In fact, even if it had nothing to do with him he would try and stop it. On the way to his house, I saw a big crowd gathered together in the street and I was curious to see what it was about. I pushed and shoved my way through to the front of the crowd. The expression of my face went blank. My good friend Lucentio was lying on the hard, concrete ground desperately struggling for words. â€Å"Who did this to you Lucentio†, I asked impatiently. He didn't answer straight away but he got there in the end. â€Å"It†¦was†¦Fred†¦er†¦.rick†, he replied. â€Å"How did he know Lucentio was my friend? Had he been spying on me?† I thought to myself. These were his last words before he stopped moving and died. I swore to avenge the death of my friend and that I would get Frederick back for what he did to Lucentio. I went looking for Frederick but I had no luck at all in finding him. He was probably keeping a low profile so as not to attract any attention. I asked the local people if they had seen a man dressed in a black doublet and a fur lined cloak but they had no information to provide me with. This had me so frustrated that I was about to give up my search when I came to a poorly dressed man on the street that I recognized. He was the very same vendor from ten years ago. I didn't think he would know, but I asked him anyway. It was just my luck that he saw him walk past a few minutes ago and he pointed me in his direction. I thanked him and I was on my way. It wasn't long before I found him wandering through one of the alleyways. I shouted at him to stop but as soon as he turned around and saw my face he ran away quickly. But, he didn't get far. I caught up to him and got my breath back. When he didn't expect it, I pulled out my sword and slashed at him, but I missed. This enraged me even more than I already was. He also drew his sword and tried blocking my attacks but I kept on slicing at him wildly. I was out of control. But then, he got the better of me and I was forced to the ground. I was crawling backwards and desperately trying to get up but with no success. All the while Frederick was advancing on me ready to strike. He thrust his sword toward me and I stuck my sword out in front of me with my eyes closed, fearing for the worst. I opened my eyes and nothing had happened to me. I was completely fine but Frederick on the other hand was lying on the ground motionless in a pool of blood. My sword had pierced him through his heart and he had died almost immediately. â€Å"What have I done†, I was thinking, â€Å"I've been a complete fool not to realise that all this thirst for revenge has driven me mad and caused me to kill another human being.† I knew that I couldn't keep on standing there gazing at the motionless Frederick otherwise I would be caught. So I left and went home contemplating about what just happened. There was nothing left for me there in Legnago except the consequences I would have to face. This family feud caused me to cross the line and commit a felony which was not worth it at all. I couldn't stay there anymore I thought to myself. I didn't want to be a part of this feud any longer than I already had been. I had to run away. But where could I go? Then it struck me that I could go to Verona to live with my relatives. I wanted to forget whatever had happened but I even knew that the guilt will stay with me forever. Nevertheless I packed up all my important belongings and I set off on my journey to Verona, a fresh start.

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay

Discuss how personal differences and preferences can impact organizational ethics. Organizational ethics are ethics of an organization. According to (Butts & Rich, 2008) The ethics of an organization refers to an organization attempt to define its missions and values, recognize values that could cause tension, seek best solutions to these tensions, and manage the operations to maintain its values. In dealing with people from all walks of life and different morals it can easily put up a bridge, between ones values and beliefs. After all we are who we are according to the â€Å"Stages of Moral Development† developed by Lawrence Kohlberg who is best known in the field of psychology of ethical decision making and behavior. One’s own personal beliefs and principles can impact their work environment if they are trustworthy, exemplifies a positive attitude, work well with people (internal and external in the work environment), dependable, and etc. This type of person is someone who would be considered to have a great impact in an organization, because of the values and beliefs they display in the work place. Meanwhile a person, who is seen as rude, has a negative attitude (towards people in and outside of the work environment), lacks integrity, and lazy (always doing something upper-handed to get by), the chances of that person being the downfall of an organization is 80/20, due to the fact this person is someone who doesn’t value others well-being, because of the negative morals they learned. A person’s professional ethics are just an expansion of their learned individual ethics. Personal differences and preferences impact organizations all the time, which is why it is so important ethics, play a key role so that unethical behavior doesn’t go unnoticed. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. Organizational policies and procedures can have both a positive and negative impact with regards to ethics. An organization may have a positive impact if policies and procedures are based on good business ethics.

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States The United States of America is made up of 50 individual states and one national capital city - Washington, D.C. Each state has its own capital city where the center of the states government exists. These state capitals vary in size but all are important to how politics operate in the states. Some of the largest state capitals in the U.S. are Phoenix, Arizona with a city population of over 1.6 million people (this makes it the largest U.S. state capital by population) as well as Indianapolis, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio. There are many other capital cities in the U.S. that are much smaller than these large cities. The following is a list of the ten smallest capital cities in the U.S. For reference, the state that they are in, along with the population of the states largest city has also been included. All population numbers were obtained from Citydata.com and are representative of July 2009 population estimates. 1.Montpelier Population: 7,705 State: Vermont Largest City: Burlington (38,647) 2.Pierre Population: 14,072 State: South Dakota Largest City: Sioux Falls (157,935) 3.Augusta Population: 18,444 State: Maine Largest City: Portland (63,008) 4. Frankfort Population: 27,382 State: Kentucky Largest City: Lexington-Fayette (296,545) 5.Helena Population: 29,939 State: Montana Largest City: Billings (105,845) 6.Juneau Population: 30,796 State: Alaska Largest City: Anchorage (286,174) 7.Dover Population: 36,560 State: Delaware Largest City: Wilmington (73,069) 8. Annapolis Population: 36,879 State: Maryland Largest City: Baltimore (637,418) 9. Jefferson City Population: 41,297 State: Missouri Largest City: Kansas City (482,299) 10. Concord Population: 42,463 State: New Hampshire Largest City: Manchester (109,395)

Speech Topics to Meet Oral Communication Standards

Speech Topics to Meet Oral Communication Standards Speech topics are a key element for impromptu oral presentation activities. Coming up with them can be a challenge for the teacher. You can use this collection of speech topics for oral presentations or use them to inspire your own variations. Impromptu Oral Presentation Activity Put all of the topics on slips of paper and have your students pick out of a hat. You can either have the student begin the presentation immediately or give a few minutes to prepare. You may have a student pick the topic just before the student before them presents so they have that time to think. In this case, give the very first student a few minutes to prepare. Impromptu Oral Communication Speech Topics You are an ant. Convince an anteater to not eat you.Explain three different ways to eat an Oreo cookie.Tell us about a nickname you have and how you got it.Convince us to vote for you as president of the USA.Explain three uses for a pencil other than for writing.Read us a letter you might write home when you are staying at a circus training summer camp.Tell us about your summer plans.Convince us that homework is harmful to your health.Tell us about your favorite pet and why it should win the Greatest Pet Ever award.If you were an animal, what would you be?You are a salesperson trying to sell us the shirt you have on.Explain how a smart person might not be wise.If you were the teacher, how would our class be different?Tell us about the hardest thing you have ever done.You are a mad scientist. Tell us about your latest invention.You are a famous sports player. Describe your best moment of a game.You are a famous rock star. Explain what the lyrics of your latest hit song mean.Tell us ab out the best job. Explain the benefits of drinking milk.Tell us how to become a millionaire.You are 30 years old. Tell us how you became a millionaire by age 18.Tell us about the best dream youve ever had.Create a myth that explains why pelicans have large beaks.Tell us how to make a new friend.Tell us about the most fun recess activity.Tell us about your favorite holiday.Tell us how to make your favorite meal.Explain which came first: the chicken or the egg.Explain the rules to your favorite game.If everything in the world had to change to the same color, what color would you choose and why?Explain how you would use a hat to catch butterflies. Be sure to identify the type of hat that is required.You are a piece of paper. Describe how we should use you before you get recycled.Explain how to make a pizza.Explain four uses for a drinking glass other than for holding a liquid.Convince our principal to give students their birthdays off of school.Describe how you would modify a snail so it can go faster.Ex plain the best way to teach an old dog a new trick. Describe the life cycle of a frog or butterfly.Explain what you would do if you were a monkey suddenly set free from a zoo.Describe one school rule you would change and why.

Case study about succeful information system projects

About succeful information system projects - Case Study Example More often than not, the projects can fail regardless of how much financial resources the organization has invested in the project. There are however some guidelines that are important in trying to avoid project failures. Carrying out a well planned and scheduled system analysis is a very good way to avoid project failures. As Graham (2013) argues, most projects failures can be attributed to lack of good system analysis that was done. System analysis refers to investigating the informational needs of the organization to determine its informational needs and then developing an information system that is geared towards serving these needs. This process involves a number of actions as follows; As Pinto ( 2011) says, involving the end users is a helps in avoiding system failures as it reduces user resistance. These end users have a crucial role in the success of IT projects. Their involvement will determine how the system acquisition process will be successful as well as the end product. Failure to involve the users leads to a number of issues that threaten to stop the project on its track. These are as follows; Although information technology has been there for a long time, many people in many organizations still have the phobia against IT. Not only does IT mean that the users will have to learn new skills, it also poses a threat to their job (Pinto, 2011). Whether this threat is real or perceived, it will make the users to feel that the system is going to affect them in a negative way. This phobia arises from the fact that people are generally afraid of change because change removes them from their comfort zone. Change also brings the unknown and people are also afraid of the unknown. However, project managers do not have to deal with the issues of user resistance, as long as they are able to understand the factors that bring about this user resistance and deal with them in the right

Nonprofit Grant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nonprofit Grant - Assignment Example ons of young boys around the country and coming this year, hundreds of events are being planned, all over the country, to commemorate the Gold anniversary of the BSA. The organization seeks a grant for the Jamboree celebration that has been planned from the 24th of July to the 4th of August, an event in which approximately 50,000 scouts from all over the country will take part. The Jamboree is planned to be an event which will be an experience of a lifetime for the young boys in attendance, and is an inimitable opportunity for the introduction of life skills to the 50,000 scouts, leaders and visitors who will take part in the commemorative events1. The provision of this grant will ensure that this event is carried out in the finest way possible and will allow the Boy Scouts of America, both as an organization and a foundation, to cherish and spread its message all over the world. The event for the 100th anniversary shall be carried out in Virginia and will be a celebration of the diverse values that are a system of learning which become a part of the Boy Scout training. For this purpose, a wide variety of activities shall be arranged for the scouts and visitors in attendance. To aid in the provision of these activities and for the construction of the basic infrastructure required for the event, a grant of $1,500,000 is being sought which shall make it possible for the organization to plan and carry out the monumental task of the successful execution of the jamboree. The 100th anniversary celebrations will begin early on the day of July 26,2010, and will be a 10 day long event which shall include all manner of activities. The plans for the commemorative event includes offerings such as swimming, rappelling, kayaking, canoeing, fly fishing, archery, scuba diving, snorkeling, shooting, buckskin games and four 5 kilometer runs. Apart from that there will be hands-on merit badge demonstrations for the 17-acre conservation trail, various rotating stages of evening