Art of Modern China Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art of Modern China - Article Example t in china is a reflection of the western cultural tendencies that depict the political and social developments in a post-industrial revolution world (Andrews & Shen 30). Contemporary Chinese art reflect a westernized artistic style that has Chinese roots. Xu Beihong falls among the first Chinese artist who articulated on the need for Chinese artistic expressions to reflect modern china. Biehong believed in the connection of art and life and the need for artist to focus on the truth through realism than just focusing on the aesthetic value of a painting. From his realistic perspective, Biehong believed that painters could engage further with their environment surrounding and the viewer get to understand better bout life’s true meaning. An analysis of Beihong’s painting ‘Tian Heng and his 500 retainers’ can provide a deeper understanding of modern art in China. Xu Beihong gets regarded as the pioneer of modern art in China. His artistic works bear a significant western influence. He was born in Yixing, Jiangsu in 1895. He was primarily revered for his art paintings of horses and birds. Xu’s career began at a young age under the tutorship of his father who was an artist. He studied oil painting and drawing in Paris under a scholarship from the Chinese government. His travel to Western Europe enabled him to understand and incorporate western art techniques (Ward). His artistic style encompasses both of the east and west. His exposure to western painting traditions provided background for his advocacy for a realist approach in Chinese art and thus his vital role in the transformation of modern Chinese art. He came up with the notion of applying western scientific methods and integrating a western approach such as shading and perspective in his works (Biehong & Xu 109). His realistic approach to art enabled his paintings to evoke human feelings and universal themes. He believed that his artistic expressions of birds and horses symbolized the will of the

Learning, Coaching, Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning, Coaching, Development - Essay Example Thus the training program would be differently focused as now teaching, helping, guiding, and developing the employees would be given attention such that the multi channel strategy can successfully be implemented. Employee development is an essential aspect of any business organization that is carried out by the Human Resources Team of the organization. Development and hence training is essential as it helps the employees to improve upon their skills and effectiveness (Werner and DeSimone 2011). Individual learning and development have always proved to be beneficial for organizational employees who become more committed, responsible, and motivated to their tasks followed by such training program. Organizations thus find it an essential part of the HRM processes to include training processes, particularly focused on learning and coaching, for development of employees (Park 2007). Based on the case study and the need for the organization to develop its employees towards the use and imp lementation of multiple channel communication for their business, a four weeks training program will be developed, along with discussion of the different stages of the training cycle, and the impact of learning and coaching on development of employees. 2. Identification of Training and Development Needs: When training and development is considered within an organization, there are individual roles and responsibilities of the organizational managers, the professionals of the HR team, and the employees (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The basic roles and responsibilities can be outlined as follows: Managers need to understand the developmental needs of the employees and cooperate with the HR team to implement the necessary training measures. They need to encourage the participation of the employees in the program and offer the learning and coaching techniques to them thereby participating and giving effort in the program (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The HR professionals need to coordinate with the managers and determine the employee needs for development. Accordingly, the training program needs to be planned and implemented followed by evaluation. To communicate with the employees, and administer the program involving complete participation of the employees, are the responsibilities of the HR team (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The role of the employees is to understand the organizational objectives, and hence realize the need for their development of skills and effectiveness. Based on their understanding they need to cooperate with both the managers and the HR team to successfully implement the training program. The learning and coaching offered to them by their managers and HR team need to be considered as opportunities for them to enhance their positive skills (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). 2.1. Basic Skills and Competencies for Call Canter Work: Call centers have emerged to be significant development for organization of white-collar works . Several businesses are now outsourcing their works and call center proves to be a major development

Art of Modern China Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art of Modern China - Article Example t in china is a reflection of the western cultural tendencies that depict the political and social developments in a post-industrial revolution world (Andrews & Shen 30). Contemporary Chinese art reflect a westernized artistic style that has Chinese roots. Xu Beihong falls among the first Chinese artist who articulated on the need for Chinese artistic expressions to reflect modern china. Biehong believed in the connection of art and life and the need for artist to focus on the truth through realism than just focusing on the aesthetic value of a painting. From his realistic perspective, Biehong believed that painters could engage further with their environment surrounding and the viewer get to understand better bout life’s true meaning. An analysis of Beihong’s painting ‘Tian Heng and his 500 retainers’ can provide a deeper understanding of modern art in China. Xu Beihong gets regarded as the pioneer of modern art in China. His artistic works bear a significant western influence. He was born in Yixing, Jiangsu in 1895. He was primarily revered for his art paintings of horses and birds. Xu’s career began at a young age under the tutorship of his father who was an artist. He studied oil painting and drawing in Paris under a scholarship from the Chinese government. His travel to Western Europe enabled him to understand and incorporate western art techniques (Ward). His artistic style encompasses both of the east and west. His exposure to western painting traditions provided background for his advocacy for a realist approach in Chinese art and thus his vital role in the transformation of modern Chinese art. He came up with the notion of applying western scientific methods and integrating a western approach such as shading and perspective in his works (Biehong & Xu 109). His realistic approach to art enabled his paintings to evoke human feelings and universal themes. He believed that his artistic expressions of birds and horses symbolized the will of the

Leadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem Essay

Leadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem - Essay Example Ho Chi Minh stood to be more powerful in a symbolic context, a standing symbol of the opposition to American efforts, a foe that was elusive and almost impossible to reach by the modern warfare machinery at the disposal of America, a foe that evolved into a mythical personification of the Communist resistance (Duiker, 1996, p. 360). In fact, Ho Chi Minh stood to be the real driving force, sans whom, it would have been impossible to think of a united Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was a truly charismatic leader who appealed to the expectations and cultural affiliations of a nation that had remained subservient for a long time (Duiker, 1994, p. 212). There is no denying the fact that Ho Chi Minh’s strategy to project oneself as a humble and motivated, old man, with a sense of vision and a knack for down to earth wisdom commanded a great emotional appeal and sway amongst the Vietnamese masses (Duiker, 1994). He was decisively always in touch with the popular aspirations and sentiments. In contrast, Diem happened to be a modern Nationalist, an authoritarian leader who intended to pursue his own agenda (Jacobs, 2005, p. 11). Yet, Diem was always perceptible of popular aspirations and well understood that his leanings towards an American agenda will project him as a puppet nationalist, subservient to the will of the Americans. So, to achieve his purpose, he devised the strategy of rousing the South Vietnamese peasantry for support, while steadily reducing the nation’s dependence on America (Jacobs, 2005). Though being a competent leader, eventually he ended up being a scapegoat of the American disappointment. Though Diem pursued an authoritarian approach towards leadership, this approach on his part was necessary in the sense that a Western style approach towards leadership would not have gone well in a society that was given to a

Treaty Of Versailles Essay Example for Free

Treaty Of Versailles Essay In 1919, then President Woodrow Wilson of the United States came home from a conference in Paris with a treaty for the US Senate to ratify. It was the Treaty of Versailles which defined the conditions of surrender by the Germans to end World War I, and it proposed to establish the League of Nations. The senate’s major bloc, the Republicans, strongly opposed the treaty. Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge was then the leader of the majority. President Wilson and Sen. Lodge were extreme opposites on the issue of the League of Nations. While President Wilson’s vision for America was to band with the other world powers in a post-war era, Sen. Lodge was for America to pursue its economic interests without the obligation to consult other member nations of the League. Sen. William Borah (R, Idaho) believed that the League would only serve to further the imperialistic interests of the other big member nations like France and Britain. He argued that America has reached its status as a great nation without the restricting influence of its allies. His eloquence moved his colleagues that no one had the heart to debate his position. Sen. Myers (D, Montana) had reservations about the terms of surrender by the Germans as provided in the Treaty. He cited the inaction of the allied powers to bring war crimes to trial so he was concerned that the Germany was not being given the treatment it deserved. The senator, nonetheless, voted for the ratification of the treaty with the Lodge reservations. The Lodge reservations were meant to ensure the League would honor the political and territorial sovereignty and independence of member nations while it is in existence and in the event of its dissolution. The treaty was never ratified by the US senate. The rejection caused the US what would have been a valuable membership to the League. Instead it has to contend with its isolationist position, an outsider in the League. BIBLIOGRAPHY Henning, Arthur Sears. â€Å"Senate Rejects Treaty of Versailles.† Los Angeles Times, March 20, 1920. MSN Encarta, http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_761594078/senate_rejects_treaty_of_versailles.html Stromberg, Joseph R. â€Å"The Ghost of Henry Cabot Lodge.†Anti-War.Com, 2002, http://www.johndclare.net/America2.historians.htm â€Å"Henry Cabot Lodge: Reservations with regard to the Treaty and the League of Nations.† June 2001. http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/docs/ledgereser.htm

Evidence and Theories of Supermassive Black Holes

Evidence and Theories of Supermassive Black Holes Supermassive Black Holes are at the centres of galaxies: The evidence for their existence and the theories for their formation and effect on the evolution of galaxies. Supermassive Black Holes are an area of astronomy that have been significantly studied and with thanks to the advance in technology, scientists have managed to better understand how they are formed and the impact they have on the evolution of galaxies. It is first wise to look at the definition of what a black hole is compared to a Supermassive Black Holes. NASAs World Book (2004) defines a black hole as a region of space whose gravitational force is so strong that nothing can escape from it. Scientists believe that a Supermassive Black Hole have the same characteristics as a black hole, with the main difference being, as the name Supermassive suggests, the size of the black hole. Many astronomers and scientists believe that a Supermassive Black Hole is the largest variety of black hole within a galaxy. What most have also believed is that as well as being the largest type of black hole, these Supermassive Black Holes can be found at the centre of galaxies. This essay will therefore look at the evidence for the existence of these Supermassive Black Holes, as well as theories for their formation and the effect they have on the evolution of galaxies. Firstly we should look at the evidence that suggests these Supermassive Black Holes exist at the centre of galaxies. Astronomers and scientists at first found it difficult to prove that black holes do exist in our galaxies. In 1916, Albert Einstein, one of the most well known physicists created his General Relativity theory. Although his theory was first published in 1916, it could be seen to indicate there could be objects in space in which his theory applies to. The theory of Einstein would suggest that there could be an object that alters both space and time, so much so that not even light can escape from it. This is what many modern scientists believe that a black hole is. Many scientists believe that the gravitational force that comes from these black holes is far too strong for anything to escape its pull, including light, which would then explain how these black holes appear invisible. To help prove the existence of this invisible force therefore, Theodore P. Snow (1991, p.514 ) suggests that the best chance of detecting a black holeis to look for an invisible object whose mass is too great to be anything else. Scientists have therefore looked at the movement of stars around this invisible object in several different galaxies, and thanks to these measurements in 1914 the Hubble Space Telescope (2003,p.198) managed to determine the mass of the object to be several million times the size of the sun was present in the stars orbit. Scientists and astronomers believe that the only object that could have this effect on the stars orbit and have as high a mass would have to be a Supermassive Black Hole. The Telegraph in December 2008, reported that a group of scientists had spent the last 16 years studying whether there was a Supermassive Black Hole at the centre of our galaxy, in the Milky Way. As before they studied the stars orbit circling the invisible object and found that the mass seems to be about four millions times the size of the sun. This would therefo re suggest that Supermassive Black Holes are at the centre of galaxies, including our own. Astronomers and Scientists therefore believe that if you measure the mass of a dark object and that it has a high mass in a small area of space it is most probably a Supermassive Black Hole. Once scientists and astronomers had seemed to provide substantial evidence to the existence of these Supermassive Black Holes, they did not stop their research in this area. Many sceptics believed that if these objects existed in our galaxy how did they appear? Thus scientists and astronomers continued to research Supermassive Black Holes and how they have been formed. Kuhn and Koupelis (2001, p.496) state that astronomers predicted the existence of black holes in the 1930s when they realized that a stars mass may cause it to collapse beyond neutron degeneracy. This is an explanation for how black holes are formed, however the majority of astronomers and scientists believe there could be more than one explanation for how Supermassive Black Holes are formed. One model that scientists believe could explain the formation of these objects in our galaxy is looking at the early years of the stars. This model looks at how the first stars were formed without a suitable make-up which could ha ve resulted in them leaving behind what is known as black hole seeds. The idea that black holes have been formed by these seeds has been studied in recent years with Volonteri, Haardt Madau (2003) believed that these black holes may have stemmed from seeds of the early stars, meaning Supermassive Black Holes could be millions of years old, which could explain how they are at the centre of our galaxies. Another model that looks to describe the formation of these Supermassive Black Holes is the idea that they are in fact formed due to the collapse of a large gas clouds. These large gas clouds would collapse into a rotating neutron star of an extremely high mass, this star would be unstable due it not containing the correct electron make-up and instead of a supernova explosion it would result in a Supermassive Black Hole as being its only remaining by-product. Haehnelt Rees (1993) studied this idea that the Supermassive Black Holes were formed due to the collapse of large gas clouds and have suggested that this model helps give a more modern understanding of how black holes are formed. Another model which has been suggested by a minority of researchers is the idea that Supermassive Black Holes are a by-product of the beginning of the galaxy, the Big Bang. These scientists believe that after the Big Bang, the pressure of the newly formed galaxy would be extremely high, so much so, that it could have resulted in areas of high density that would have formed black holes. They suggest that many of these black holes would not have lasted a long period of time as the galaxy was expanding, however some may still exist to this present day. According to J.PLuminet (1992, p.177) if this is the case, the galaxy would expand around the black hole leaving it and the centre of the galaxy. With researchers now able to provide evidence that Supermassive Black Holes do exist at the centre of our galaxies and being able to give various substantial evidence on the formation of these black holes, astronomers and scientists have also looked to explain how they have an effect on the evolution of galaxies. As we have seen, many researchers believe that there are Supermassive Black Holes at the centre of the galaxies. Researchers believe that roughly ten percent of the black holes contain high levels of ionised gas, which is released in opposite directions of the black hole. This is most likely to be released as kinetic energy. Astronomers believe that this would have an effect on how stars behave and play a vital role in the evolution of galaxies within the universe. For many years astronomers and scientists have been able to find a correlation between the mass of the Supermassive Black Holes and the galaxy it inhabits. In other words, many researchers believe that the size of the black hole does have an effect on the mass of that galaxy. More recently however researchers have managed to acquire some knowledge on how else a Supermassive Black Hole has an impact on its galaxy. Scientists have studied the spin of the black holes, as they believe this could result in the ionised gas being released from the black hole, which would then in turn control the growth of the galaxy it is at the centre of. Another way that these Supermassive Black Holes could have an impact on the evolution of galaxies could be as a result of two black holes colliding. Researchers have recently discovered what will happen when two Supermassive Black Holes collide with one another. The gravitational attraction between the two is believed to upset the stars positions surrounding the galaxies centre, but many researchers did not know whether the two would attract together to form one large supermassive black hole or whether they would repel from one another? Scientists have recently b een able to answer this thanks to a collision that occurred between a large and small black hole. The results of the collision were as expected with the stars surrounding the centre being upset and altered. The question to whether they would form a larger black hole or repel was also answered, as the two became closer they repel and eject the black hole from its galaxy, sending it at high speeds across space surviving on its accretion disk alone. According to Govert Schilling (2002, p.233) many researchers believe that thanks to this phenomenon that took place, they may be able to further explain formation of galaxies and their black holes, with further research and more advances in technology scientists and astronomers will continue to study Supermassive Black Holes. As we have seen from the proposed research put forward by various astronomers and scientists, it seems more than likely that Supermassive Black Holes do exist at the centre of our galaxies. Thanks to the research, they have helped in the understanding on how they exist, as being large invisible objects with an extremely large mass and large gravitational pull that is at the centre of every galaxy. As well as this, astronomers and scientists have also been able to explain how these objects could have formed in our galaxy, by looking at different models which include dying stars being turned into black holes millions of years ago, to models which suggest they are formed due to collapsing dense gas clouds. We have also seen researchers look at the impact such objects have had in our galaxies, and seen suggestions that these Supermassive Black Holes helped to create the way a galaxy looks, such as its stars positions and the galaxies mass. With further research and more advances in techn ology, the future could see more results into this area of astronomy, with researchers looking at a clearer definition to how these Supermassive Black Holes are formed and what effect they have on the evolution of the galaxies they inhabit. References Alleyne ,R. Proof that Albert Einsteins black holes do exist, claim scientists 2008, Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3690822/Proof-that-Albert-Einsteins-black-holes-do-exist-claim-scientists.html Haehnelt M. G., Rees M. J., 1993, MNRAS, 263, 168 Kuhn, K.F, Koupelis, T. (2001) In Quest of the Universe., 3rd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc, London. Livio. M, Noll. K, Stiavelli, M. (2003) A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K Luminet, J.P. (1992) Black Holes Cambridge University Press, New York McClintock, Jeffrey E. Black hole. World Book Online Reference Center. 2004. World Book, Inc. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar062594. Schilling, G. (2002) Flash! The Hunt for the Biggest Explosions in the Universe. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom Snow, T.P (1991) The Dynamic Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy, 4th Ed. West Publishing Company, St. Paul Volonteri M., Haardt F., Madau P., 2003, ApJ, 582, 559 Zeilik, M. (2002) Astronomy, The Evolving Universe 9th Edition, PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Craig Jonathan Muir Matriculation: 200804070 1

Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution Essay -- Essays Pa

Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution, perhaps one of the most significant examples of human beingsà ­ relationship with the natural world, changed the way seventeenth and eighteenth century society operated. The power of human knowledge has enabled intellectual, economical, and social advances seen in the modern world. The Scientific Revolution which included the development of scientific attitudes and skepticism of old views on nature and humanity was a slow process that spanned over a two century period. During the Scientific Revolution, scientific knowledge enabled humans to control nature in order to improve society. With leaders such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes, the Scientific Revolution proves to be a crucial piece to the puzzle of understanding the effects of humansà ­ interactions with the natural world. The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. Although its effects were highly influential, the forerunners Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes only had a few hundred followers. Each pioneered unique ideas that challenged the current views of human beingsà ­ relationship with nature. With the backing of empirical observation and mathematical proof, these ideas slowly gained acceptance. As a result, the operation of society, along with prior grounds for faith were reconsidered. Their ideas promoted change and reform for humansà ­ well-being on earth. The Scientific Revolution was sparked through Nicolaus Copernicusà ­ unique use of mathematics. His methods developed from Greek astr... ...rn Heritage Brief Edition Volume II: Since 1648 (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall 1996), 342. 4. Rogers, 7. 5. Rogers, 18. 6. Rogers, 16. 7. Rogers, 11. ADDITIONAL SOURCE: - Steven Shapin, "The Scientific Revolution," Library Journal, Aug. 1996, 63-67. This article offers a different approach to analyzing the impact of the Scientific Revolution. He discusses the "birth" of modern science which occurred between Copernicus and Newton's time. However, he also gives equal credit to Bacon, Descartes, Galileo for the development of the naturalistic philosophy we still use today. This article is an excellent source of furthering one's knowledge on the topic of human beings interactions with the natural world and how the efforts made during the scientific revolution still impact us today.